The Modernist Attributes of C.L.R. James’s Minty Alley...

The Modernist Attributes of C.L.R. James’s Minty Alley Born in Trinidad and later expatriating himself first to London and then the United States, C.L.R. James was a key figure of the West Indian literary scene during the 1930s. Today he is primarily associated with his nonliterary writings in sociology and politics, and his fiction seems to have dropped from critical attention. Part of this shortsightedness stems from the fact that little of his fiction is readily available to a reading public in this country. Although a selection of his shorter work is now available in The C.L.R. James Reader (1992), the only extant edition of James novel Minty Alley (1936) is published by the small London press New Beacon Books. Because of its†¦show more content†¦In part, my desired shift of critical focus is a response against the predominant tendency in Anglo-American literary studies of underestimating the formal experimentation of early twentieth-century Caribbean writing. Critics tend to construct narratives in which British, Ameri can, and continental European writers set the standard for and carry out the work of producing modernist experimentation. Those few critics who have turned their attention to James fiction continue to follow suit of this general critical trend. Paget Henry and Paul Buhle have remarked that this author’s value lies in his status as an anti-colonial writer, an identity that they believe to be affirmed by Minty Alley because of the careful artistic representation [that it] gives to the lives of working-class Trinidadians and its affirmation of the creative self-projections that such individuals established in relation to their world (122). James did envision his novel as a populist one, affirming his own motherss adage that [t]o write forblack people in the Caribbean was a distinction (James interviewedin Henry and Buhle 57). But does its accessibility to a contemporary audience preclude the incorporation of experimental elements? Aldon Lynn Nielsen, a prominent promoter of Jame s’s workin this country, perpetuates the mythos that modernist

The Role Of Federal Loans Became Dependent On American...

When discussing further education for a high school graduate, attending a university is very costly. The use of federal loans became dependent on most American families that try to provide such an education to their child. Before World War II, academically advanced students from families that were unable to finance college could apply for competitive scholarships; Scholarships mutated into â€Å"financial aid† when the GI Bill of Rights financed college for the discharged veterans (Toby, 2010). Since then, student loan debt has surpassed $1 trillion, which is larger than debt accumulated from both credit cards and auto purchases (Student Loan Debt No Longer Just Problem for Borrowers, 2012). With the increasing amount of loans and the uprising cost of college, students fall farther into student debt every year. Whether it is at fault of the university, the poor economy, or the aid programs in general, students should not be required to pay back their federal student loans befo re finding a steady job in their field of study. Fault at the University Attending college after high school has become almost a necessity for finding employment in this day and age. The average university, whether it be public or private, is charging an exceedingly amount of money for enrollment, causing the student’s debt to increase. Tuition and fees have risen 26 percent during the past ten years at private four-year colleges, 47 percent at public two-year colleges, and 66 percent at public four-yearShow MoreRelatedSummary : Great Depression 1445 Words   |  6 Pagescompounded itself with the lack of economic understanding present at the time. Yet it had seemed that the economy was healthy before the crash. Employment was high and inflation was low. Yet these conditions only served as a mirage for many Americans. 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Synopsis Of A Clockwork Orange Essay Research free essay sample

Outline Of A Clockwork Orange Essay, Research Paper Outline of A Clockwork Orange In A Clockwork Orange, the chief character is that of a mildly immature kid of 15 who, along with his fellow friends, or # 8220 ; Droogs # 8221 ; , partake in eventides of Ultra-Violence. Ultra Violence consists of random whippings, larceny, devastation, and colza. The chief character, Alex, is the self-proclaimed leader of the battalion, and makes judgement on their actions pending on his temper. His Droogs finally find themselves under his direct regulation, following his every word, and make up ones mind to dispute his authorization. The three Droogs ( Dim, Georgie, and Pete ) articulation Alex on his runaway to a local # 8220 ; fat farm # 8221 ; to plunder the goods in this. Inside, Alex stumbles upon the proprietor of the resort, and after a length hassle with her, ends up giving her a blow to the caput with a instead big, ceramic reproduction of an vertical phallus. When he leaves the outer Gatess of the complex, Dim surprises him by thwacking a milk bottle against his face. His opposite numbers escape while small Alex is left hemorrhage and blinded to cover with the constabulary. Upon question of Alex, he discovers that the blow he delivered to the immature lady was a fatal 1. He is charged with first-degree slaying and sentenced to 14 old ages in prison. While at that place, he befriends the resident curate and becomes a assistant to his service. The curate, Alex shortly discovers, is a portion in a new signifier of intervention that is seeking to be implemented prisons to assist # 8220 ; remedy # 8221 ; inmates from perpetrating Acts of the Apostless of force. Through fortune and treatment with the higher functionaries in the prison, Alex is chose to be a guinea hog for the experiment, and is sent to go # 8220 ; inoculated from force # 8221 ; . The intervention consisted of Alex being strapped down to a chair in forepart of a film screen, holding electrodes attached to his caput, and being kept focused by little braces of clinchs used to disenable his ability to wink. This, along with the injection of an experimental serum, is monitored whilst he views films of UltraViolence. The serum leaves him vulnerable to his milieus, which are destructive movies, and induces such feelings of weakness, fright, and near-death palsy, similar to that of submerging. Alex shortly associates this feeling of distraught with the force, and with the background music being played throughout the full ordeal: Beethoven, Alex # 8217 ; s chief love. The concluding consequence is that whenever Alex is confronted with either violent Acts of the Apostless of any sort, or the sweet strings of Ludwig Van, he is shortly on his articulatio genuss in hurting and torment. When he is released, his parents abandon him. He meets up with a few members of his old pack that have turned into crooked bulls, and with their newfound power and durable loathe of Alex, they beat him much and leave him for dead, this of which brought on the illness that he was conditioned for. Stumbling in the dark for aid, he comes across a polite looking abode that looked mistily familiar. Finally, Alex realizes that he is in the presence of a former victim of his, but believes that the proprietor would non acknowledge him. To his discouragement, the writer did acknowledge him after hearing Alex sing a vocal in a really similar manner to the manner his aggressors did 2 old ages ago. After stealing a ataractic into Alex # 8217 ; s vino, Alex wakes up to happen himself in a locked room on the 2nd floor of an apartment tower block. Through the floor boards, Alex starts to hear the hateful sounds of Beethoven, and goes into his illness tantrums. No issues, No flights. His lone manner out is to leap out of the closed window and stop his life. He does merely that. Alex aftermaths in a infirmary. The writer was jailed for attempted slaying, and the authorities functionaries that started the plan were ridiculed and harassed out of their places. Alex finds himself broken and injury, but his ideas are that of the Ultra-Violence. Alex was cured and ready to populate once more. Aspects of Psychology In A Clockwork Orange, Alex is portrayed as two different people populating within the same organic structure. As a arch kid ravishing the universe, he every bit seen as crud. His actions and blazing discourtesy towards society are categorized under that of the common street rotter. However, when he is off from his eventide garb, he is that of suave. His vesture, his words, his overall attitude. The differentiation between the two is triggered by the soft sounds of Ludwig Van Beethoven. The psychological science of Alex would be that of a consecutive slayer. He is a authoritative illustration of Darwin # 8217 ; s, Skinner # 8217 ; s, Freud # 8217 ; s, Erikson # 8217 ; s, and Adler # 8217 ; s major theories. Alex is non genuinely close to any other individual that he comes in contact with in the movie. He is utilizing his parents for a topographic point to populate, and they show no emotion towards him, good or bad. His love for his pack is non that of a male/male platonic relationship that is common in brotherhoods. It is that of a matrimony of similar involvements, when the parties involved loathe each other personally. Society is against him for all his person wickednesss. The lone life animal that he shows love for is his serpent. Darwin # 8217 ; s theory of adult male holding the same thought procedure # 8217 ; s of animate beings holds an interesting bearing upon Alex. Alex # 8217 ; s love is for his serpent. Generally love is defined by an apprehension, or a intimacy between two points. The serpent is represented by many things in the natural universe today. Freud # 8217 ; s analyzation for the male intimacy to the serpent is that the individual involved is oppugning his gender, or his love towards the female gender. Alex keeps coming back to his serpent after his darks on the town, and his first concern with life after he is paroled is his beloved serpent. This, combined with the fact that keeps his serpent in a thorax under his bed ( the most accepted sexual point in an mean family ) , show # 8217 ; s his insufficiencies with his sexual public presentation and his phallus. He feels that by maintaining in contact with his serpent, he will be more of a adult male so he already is, therefore doing him more non iceable and attractive towards the opposite sex. Therefore, Alex doesn’t see his serpent as an equal, but as a greater being capable of going a close friend and a security cover. The serpent is besides used in many different civilizations to stand for the immorality and hatred that adult male sort dwells on. When something evil happens, civilization blames all of it # 8217 ; s frights upon the serpent, the graven image of fright. The love that Alex feels for his serpent could fall under the love of understanding. With this love, Alex feels that he can associate to his serpent, and to what society views the serpent as. Alex finds the serpent to stand for wickedness and the hatred that spawned the universe as we know it today. In Genesis, the snake convinced Eves to disobey her God and to eat an apple from the tree of life, therefore doing adult male to non be ageless, and for adult female # 8217 ; s childbearing to be complex and painful. In Christianity, the serpent is the conceiver of wickedness. Alex feels that he is the modern bringer of wickedness. Alex frequently finds himself in many state of affairss where he is surrounded with scenes of in writing sex or some kind of phallic mention. After a dark of Ultra-Violence, Alex and his droogs find themselves loosen uping at the Karova Milk Bar imbibing Milk Plus, Milk Plus Dreminol, and Milk Plus Synthemesc. The saloon is adorned with images and sculptures of bare adult females in assorted places of sexual brushs, all of which with overdone colourss and lengths of downy hair. This corresponds with Harlow # 8217 ; s experiments with monkey babes happening comfort in soft points in times of hurt. Alex finds comfort in the downy hair and softness of the environment of the saloon. When he has committed an act of straitening nature, be it force or mundane normal happenings, he retreats to Karova to convey him a feeling of heat, satisfaction, and justification of his old workss. This signifier of relaxation is common from kids of broken places. Freud believes that the self-image within a adult male is shaped in the first 5 old ages of life. With the response that Alex # 8217 ; s parents give to him in his home-life, it is obvious that they did non offer much love to the turning kid. By Freud # 8217 ; s belief, if the kid does non have the proper love from a female parent that it should, it will happen other agencies to replace the comfort that a female parent provides. Alex # 8217 ; s comfort was the force and the pleasance brought from a dark completed. There is no mention in the film about Alex # 8217 ; s parents being his natural born parents, or if one of them died and remarried. My beliefs are that Alex # 8217 ; s natural Born female parent was beaten and finally left his male parent. Alex was in the center of this action, and like Bandura # 8217 ; s findings, the kid imitates the action that he views and takes it as natural, therefore utilizing it in mundane life. Alex # 8217 ; s aggression upon society are genuinely the natural impulses and feelings that he experiences, therefore doing him normal, being unaware of the wrongs that his force induces. In a Freudian facet, this could explicate a huge bulk of his aggression that he displays. His actions construe his hatred towards his male parent for being the ground he lacks a parental security cover. As quoted in one of the first few scenes: # 8220 ; # 8230 ; and in the muss of wobbly chaos the bibulous old malchek had found himself lying in, he had managed to be able to force out an ugly lyric or two. Now, the one thing that I truly hate in the universe is a bibulous old malchek singing out the vocals of his male parent with an occasional # 8220 ; blurp, blurp # 8221 ; in between. # 8221 ; , this shows his loath for 1 ) Disrespect for music. 2 ) Drunkards, and 3 ) Work force in his male parents image. The music was his redemption, for it could snarl him in and out of his dementedness. The music was used in a pseudo-Pavlov experiment to extinguish Alex # 8217 ; s love for force. In the experiment, Alex ingested a serum that would bring on a deathly palsy. While the serum was taking consequence, he was bombarded with sights of force and the sweet sounds of Ludwig Van Beethoven, both go forthing an feeling in his mind, associating the illness to the sights and sounds that he was subjected to. In Pavlov # 8217 ; s experiments, his major end was to turn out that he could develop a topic to give a learned response with no support. This was accomplished by developing a Canis familiaris to salivate when he heard a bell ring. The Canis familiaris was usage to the sound of a pealing bell before having his nutrient. Finally, Pavlov removed the nutrient from the experiment, but the Canis familiaris retained the learned response of salivating whenever he heard the bell ring. Thus a learned response without positive nor negative support. Alex # 8217 ; s conditioned response was to fall to the # 8220 ; sickness # 8221 ; when subjected to Beethoven. With the illness being the conditioned response, there is no Reinforcement because the sounds of Beethoven were non knowing, therefore non needing support. However, Alex # 8217 ; s injury could besides be referred to as a Skinner attack to intervention. Skinner # 8217 ; s theory was that one could accomplish a conditioned response by giving the capable positive or negative support. In his experiments, a mouse was put in a coop with nil but a pressable button and a visible radiation. When the saloon was depressed, the visible radiation flashed and nutrient was delivered into the coop. If the mouse were dropped into a similar coop, it would be safe to presume that it would retain the reaction to hit a saloon and receive nutrient. The learned response was to hit the saloon when hungry. The support was the nutrient that was provided by finishing the response. In Alex # 8217 ; s instance, the support would be the metal satisfaction of non traveling through with his violent demands when he is subjected to violent milieus. In decision, the theories used as a footing behind Stanley Kubrik # 8217 ; s A Clockwork Orange, resemble that of the theories that came from the greater minds of modern clip. Alex, the guinea hog in this narrative, is a authoritative illustration of many psychologist # 8217 ; s instance surveies, and could be analyzed otherwise from each.

Things Fall Apart Analysis Essay Example

Things Fall Apart Analysis Essay Claire Stevenson HUM 211 Prof. C. Agatucci Things Fall Apart Novel Analysis 8 February 2010 Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Francis Abiola Irele. New York: Norton, 2000. A. ) How did things fall apart for Onkonwo and for the Igbo people? (*) Onkonkwo is a respected leader in the Igbo culture. At first he becomes very popular with his wrestling when he defeats Amalinze the Cat. This brings great honor to his village. Unlike his father, his goal is to gain titles for himself, and become a good man. He resents his father and wants to prove himself different. He controlls his wives and children greatly. Because he is looked up upon in their community, he is asked to take care of a young boy named â€Å"Ikemefuna. † (From Mbaino to avoid war). He becomes close to him. (especially Onkonwo’s son Nwoye). As the book goes on, Onkonkwo gets to the point where a lot of things disturb him. He goes against the Week of Peace when he beats one of his wives. Then he shoots a gun at his second wife named Ekwefi. When its time for Ikemefuna to be killed, Onkonkwo was not supposed to participate in the murder—and he did. We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When Nwoye realizes this, he is very sad and not happy with his father. Not feeling good for what he did, he goes to his best friend Obierika. Obierika basically tells Onkonkwo the earth goddess will seek renenge on him. During the funeral of Ezeudo, Onkonkwo’s gun goes off and kills Ezeudo’s son. This was a crime so Onkonkwo and his family had to move away. His old home is destroyed and burned down by come men in his village. While living in his new village, some missionaries come to talk about Christianity. Onkonkwo didn’t believe in it—and Nwoye did. The family ends up moving back to Umuofia and many things have changed and Onkonkwo doesn’t necessarily approve. Destruction arises due to the Igbo people not liking the extreme Christian convertion, and the problems the missionaries have brought upon the village. The leaders of the village, including Onkonkwo are thrown in jail and soon bailed out by the people of Umuofia. A meeting was held the next day and court messengers come to breat it up. Onkonkwo decapitates the leader of the group. No one tries to catch the messengers as they try to get away. Onkonkwo then is depressed again, and knows they will have to surrender for his actions. He commits suicide by hanging himself. B. ) Analyze at least one other aspect of the novel—character, setting, plot event, use of oral tradition, narrator, etc that you believe is significant to better understanding the novel. Be sure to develop and illustrate your points with specific examples from the novel and be sure to explain why you think this aspect of the novel is significant to notice and examine in helping us better understand and interpret the meaning of the novel. *) The character I am choosing to analyze is Onkonkwo—the protagonist in Things Fall Apart. He is a very powerful character in his novel, being respected by society, controlling his family, a leader of Umuofia, a great yam farmer.. etc. His major problem is he doesn’t want to fail in something and he doesn’t want to show he can’t do something. He does not display affection toward anyoneâ⠂¬â€including his family and friends, even if he is thinking and feeling it. He is not very smart when it comes to certain things—and goes against his people’s traditions and his gods. Ex: He was not supposed to participate in the murder of Ikefemuna and he did because he didn’t want to be a weak man. He also lets his gun go off during the eldest man in the villages funeral and kills the dead mans son. He had to move away due to this action. Furthermore, he beats his wife during the Peace Week, which betrayed his people and gods. He was so strong minded that he was making the wrong decisions at times. Onkonkwo helped me better understand the meaning and significance of the novel because he made me realize how that African society worked. He linked together the people, the gods, and the beliefs of everyone in the book. It was also brought to my knowledge how important gods, and traditions were to African people. I also realized the consequences of certain actions, and how they didn’t beast around the bush at all. Everything was straightforward in their culture. Onkonkwo was a very legitimate example to me in terms of how this African society went about certain actions, traditions and beliefs. He was a character that had many good and bad aspects throughout the novel. I now better understand the ways of African culture and traditions. Things Fall Apart Analysis Essay Example Things Fall Apart Analysis Essay Claire Stevenson HUM 211 Prof. C. Agatucci Things Fall Apart Novel Analysis 8 February 2010 Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Francis Abiola Irele. New York: Norton, 2000. A. ) How did things fall apart for Onkonwo and for the Igbo people? (*) Onkonkwo is a respected leader in the Igbo culture. At first he becomes very popular with his wrestling when he defeats Amalinze the Cat. This brings great honor to his village. Unlike his father, his goal is to gain titles for himself, and become a good man. He resents his father and wants to prove himself different. He controlls his wives and children greatly. Because he is looked up upon in their community, he is asked to take care of a young boy named â€Å"Ikemefuna. † (From Mbaino to avoid war). He becomes close to him. (especially Onkonwo’s son Nwoye). As the book goes on, Onkonkwo gets to the point where a lot of things disturb him. He goes against the Week of Peace when he beats one of his wives. Then he shoots a gun at his second wife named Ekwefi. When its time for Ikemefuna to be killed, Onkonkwo was not supposed to participate in the murder—and he did. We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When Nwoye realizes this, he is very sad and not happy with his father. Not feeling good for what he did, he goes to his best friend Obierika. Obierika basically tells Onkonkwo the earth goddess will seek renenge on him. During the funeral of Ezeudo, Onkonkwo’s gun goes off and kills Ezeudo’s son. This was a crime so Onkonkwo and his family had to move away. His old home is destroyed and burned down by come men in his village. While living in his new village, some missionaries come to talk about Christianity. Onkonkwo didn’t believe in it—and Nwoye did. The family ends up moving back to Umuofia and many things have changed and Onkonkwo doesn’t necessarily approve. Destruction arises due to the Igbo people not liking the extreme Christian convertion, and the problems the missionaries have brought upon the village. The leaders of the village, including Onkonkwo are thrown in jail and soon bailed out by the people of Umuofia. A meeting was held the next day and court messengers come to breat it up. Onkonkwo decapitates the leader of the group. No one tries to catch the messengers as they try to get away. Onkonkwo then is depressed again, and knows they will have to surrender for his actions. He commits suicide by hanging himself. B. ) Analyze at least one other aspect of the novel—character, setting, plot event, use of oral tradition, narrator, etc that you believe is significant to better understanding the novel. Be sure to develop and illustrate your points with specific examples from the novel and be sure to explain why you think this aspect of the novel is significant to notice and examine in helping us better understand and interpret the meaning of the novel. *) The character I am choosing to analyze is Onkonkwo—the protagonist in Things Fall Apart. He is a very powerful character in his novel, being respected by society, controlling his family, a leader of Umuofia, a great yam farmer.. etc. His major problem is he doesn’t want to fail in something and he doesn’t want to show he can’t do something. He does not display affection toward anyoneâ⠂¬â€including his family and friends, even if he is thinking and feeling it. He is not very smart when it comes to certain things—and goes against his people’s traditions and his gods. Ex: He was not supposed to participate in the murder of Ikefemuna and he did because he didn’t want to be a weak man. He also lets his gun go off during the eldest man in the villages funeral and kills the dead mans son. He had to move away due to this action. Furthermore, he beats his wife during the Peace Week, which betrayed his people and gods. He was so strong minded that he was making the wrong decisions at times. Onkonkwo helped me better understand the meaning and significance of the novel because he made me realize how that African society worked. He linked together the people, the gods, and the beliefs of everyone in the book. It was also brought to my knowledge how important gods, and traditions were to African people. I also realized the consequences of certain actions, and how they didn’t beast around the bush at all. Everything was straightforward in their culture. Onkonkwo was a very legitimate example to me in terms of how this African society went about certain actions, traditions and beliefs. He was a character that had many good and bad aspects throughout the novel. I now better understand the ways of African culture and traditions.